بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Assalamu Alaikum.
[Here are Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.]
The last 5 parts focused on when the angels came prior to the Prophethood of Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam).
Part 6 and beyond will discuss when the angels came during his Prophethood. The sources for this include Tafsir Ibn Kathir as well as the Sealed Nectar.
[Note: As everyone knows, at the time of this post, Gaza is under going a relentless onslaught by Israel. I wanted to add something to this post about this topic, but honestly the proper words just aren’t coming out. These two earlier posts of mine mention some important issues though (please excuse the humour in them as they were not written at such a critical time):
A Summary of Our Situation Today
And at the end of this post, you can read about the virtues of Ash-Sham (Palestine, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan) and the virtues of Masjid Al-Aqsa and its history.
The Best of Journeys – Part 11
Masjid Al-Aqsa is in the West Bank, not Gaza. Both Gaza and the West Bank constitute modern day Palestine. The actual (and original) Palestine includes these two places and the whole of that stolen property currently known as “Israel”.
As for Gaza, we need to do lots and lots and lots of dua (supplication) for our brothers and sisters, offer aid if possible, and try to educate people about this issue in halal (permissible) ways.
May Allah safeguard our brethren and hasten their victory, and humiliate and destroy the enemy.
PS. Thousands are also dying in Sudan’s civil war. May Allah hasten peace for them and reconcile the hearts of our brothers that are fighting each other.]
Jibreel (alaihissalaam) came to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) when he was a young child to wash his heart
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ يَلْعَبُ مَعَ الْغِلْمَانِ فَأَخَذَهُ فَصَرَعَهُ فَشَقَّ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ الْقَلْبَ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ عَلَقَةً فَقَالَ هَذَا حَظُّ الشَّيْطَانِ مِنْكَ . ثُمَّ غَسَلَهُ فِي طَسْتٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ بِمَاءِ زَمْزَمَ ثُمَّ لأَمَهُ ثُمَّ أَعَادَهُ فِي مَكَانِهِ وَجَاءَ الْغِلْمَانُ يَسْعَوْنَ إِلَى أُمِّهِ – يَعْنِي ظِئْرَهُ – فَقَالُوا إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ قُتِلَ . فَاسْتَقْبَلُوهُ وَهُوَ مُنْتَقَعُ اللَّوْنِ . قَالَ أَنَسٌ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَى أَثَرَ ذَلِكَ الْمِخْيَطِ فِي صَدْرِهِ
Anas ibn Malik (radiallahu anhu) reported that Jibreel came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) while he was playing with his playmates. He took hold of him and lay him prostrate on the ground and tore open his chest and took out the heart from it and then extracted a blood-clot out of it and said: “That was the part of Satan (the devil) in you”. And then he washed it with the water of Zamzam in a golden basin and then it was joined together and restored to it place. The boys came running to his mother (i.e. Haleema As-Saadiyah his wet nurse) and said: “Verily Muhammad has been murdered.” They all rushed toward him (and found him all right) His color was changed.
Anas (radiallahu anhu) said: “I myself saw the mark that was left on his chest.” [Sahih Muslim, Hadeeth No. 311]
At the time of the incident, the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was staying with his wet nurse, Haleema As-Saadiyah.
Shaikh Safiur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri states in his book, The Sealed Nectar:
“It was the general custom of the Arabs living in towns to send their children away to bedouin wet nurses so that they might grow up in the free and healthy surroundings of the desert. Thereby they would develop a strong body and acquire the pure speech and manners of the bedouins, who were noted for chastity of their language and being free from the vices which usually develop in inactive societies.
The Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was later entrusted to Halimah bint Abu Dhuaib from Bani Sad bin Bakr. Her husband was Al-Harith bin Abdul Uzza called Abi Kabshah, from the same tribe.”
According to Shaikh Safiur-Rahman, the incident mentioned in the above hadeeth took place when the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was about four or five years old.
Jibreel (alaihissalaam) came down to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) with the first revelation, when he was 40 years old
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ أَوَّلُ مَا بُدِئَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنَ الْوَحْىِ الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ فِي النَّوْمِ، فَكَانَ لاَ يَرَى رُؤْيَا إِلاَّ جَاءَتْ مِثْلَ فَلَقِ الصُّبْحِ، ثُمَّ حُبِّبَ إِلَيْهِ الْخَلاَءُ، وَكَانَ يَخْلُو بِغَارِ حِرَاءٍ فَيَتَحَنَّثُ فِيهِ ـ وَهُوَ التَّعَبُّدُ ـ اللَّيَالِيَ ذَوَاتِ الْعَدَدِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَيَتَزَوَّدُ لِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى خَدِيجَةَ، فَيَتَزَوَّدُ لِمِثْلِهَا، حَتَّى جَاءَهُ الْحَقُّ وَهُوَ فِي غَارِ حِرَاءٍ، فَجَاءَهُ الْمَلَكُ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ. قَالَ : مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ . قَالَ : فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ. قُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ. فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي الثَّانِيَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ. فَقُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ. فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي الثَّالِثَةَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ {اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ * خَلَقَ الإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ * اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الأَكْرَمُ} . فَرَجَعَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَرْجُفُ فُؤَادُهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ بِنْتِ خُوَيْلِدٍ رضى الله عنها فَقَالَ : زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي . فَزَمَّلُوهُ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الرَّوْعُ، فَقَالَ لِخَدِيجَةَ وَأَخْبَرَهَا الْخَبَرَ : لَقَدْ خَشِيتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي . فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَةُ: كَلاَّ وَاللَّهِ مَا يُخْزِيكَ اللَّهُ أَبَدًا، إِنَّكَ لَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، وَتَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ، وَتَكْسِبُ الْمَعْدُومَ، وَتَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ، وَتُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ. فَانْطَلَقَتْ بِهِ خَدِيجَةُ حَتَّى أَتَتْ بِهِ وَرَقَةَ بْنَ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى ابْنَ عَمِّ خَدِيجَةَ ـ وَكَانَ امْرَأً تَنَصَّرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ الْكِتَابَ الْعِبْرَانِيَّ، فَيَكْتُبُ مِنَ الإِنْجِيلِ بِالْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ، وَكَانَ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا قَدْ عَمِيَ ـ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ خَدِيجَةُ: يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ اسْمَعْ مِنَ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ وَرَقَةُ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي مَاذَا تَرَى فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَبَرَ مَا رَأَى. فَقَالَ لَهُ وَرَقَةُ: هَذَا النَّامُوسُ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُوسَى صلى الله عليه وسلم يَا لَيْتَنِي فِيهَا جَذَعًا، لَيْتَنِي أَكُونُ حَيًّا إِذْ يُخْرِجُكَ قَوْمُكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم : أَوَمُخْرِجِيَّ هُمْ . قَالَ: نَعَمْ، لَمْ يَأْتِ رَجُلٌ قَطُّ بِمِثْلِ مَا جِئْتَ بِهِ إِلاَّ عُودِيَ، وَإِنْ يُدْرِكْنِي يَوْمُكَ أَنْصُرْكَ نَصْرًا مُؤَزَّرًا. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْشَبْ وَرَقَةُ أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ وَفَتَرَ الْوَحْىُ.
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ
خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ
اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
Recite in the name of your Lord who created.
Created man from a clinging substance.
Recite, and your Lord is the most Generous.
[Surah Al-Alaq (96) : 1 – 3]
Then Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) returned with the Inspiration and with his heart beating severely. Then he went to Khadija bint Khuwailid and said, “Cover me! Cover me!” They covered him till his fear was over and after that he told her everything that had happened and said, “I fear that something may happen to me.” Khadija replied, “Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.” Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqah bin Naufal bin Asad bin Abdul Uzza, who, during the pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqah, “Listen to the story of your nephew, O my cousin!” Waraqah asked, “O my nephew! What have you seen?” Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) described whatever he had seen. Waraqah said, “This is the same one who keeps the secrets (angel Jibreel) whom Allah had sent to Musa. I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out.” Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) asked, “Will they drive me out?” Waraqah replied in the affirmative and said, “Anyone (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly.” But after a few days Waraqah died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 1, Hadeeth No. 3]
One of the narrations of this hadeeth has the following addition:
وَفَتَرَ الْوَحْىُ فَتْرَةً حَتَّى حَزِنَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا حُزْنًا غَدَا مِنْهُ مِرَارًا كَىْ يَتَرَدَّى مِنْ رُءُوسِ شَوَاهِقِ الْجِبَالِ، فَكُلَّمَا أَوْفَى بِذِرْوَةِ جَبَلٍ لِكَىْ يُلْقِيَ مِنْهُ نَفْسَهُ، تَبَدَّى لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ حَقًّا. فَيَسْكُنُ لِذَلِكَ جَأْشُهُ وَتَقِرُّ نَفْسُهُ فَيَرْجِعُ، فَإِذَا طَالَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَتْرَةُ الْوَحْىِ غَدَا لِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا أَوْفَى بِذِرْوَةِ جَبَلٍ تَبَدَّى لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
And the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Jibreel would appear before him and say, “O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah’s Messenger in truth” whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Jibreel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 9, Hadeeth No. 111]
Some people think that the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was suicidal based on this. However, these are not the words of Aishah (radiallahu anha) but rather one of the narrators, Imam Az-Zuhri (rahimahullah). Here’s a very important article which discusses why this addition is not authentic. Please make sure to read it as everyone needs to understand this issue.
With regards to the ayaat (verses) that were revealed, Imam Ibn Kathir mentions a very interesting point in his tafsir:
“These Ayat inform of the beginning of man’s creation from a dangling clot, and that out of Allah’s generosity He taught man that which he did not know. Thus, Allah exalted him and honored him by giving him knowledge, and it is the dignity that the Father of Humanity, Adam, was distinguished with over the angels. Knowledge sometimes is in the mind, sometimes on the tongue, and sometimes in writing with the fingers. Thus, it may be intellectual, spoken and written. And while the last (written) necessitates the first two (intellectual and spoken), the reverse is not true. For this reason Allah says,
﴿ ٱقۡرَأۡ وَرَبُّكَ ٱلۡأَكۡرَمُ • ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِٱلۡقَلَمِ • عَلَّمَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مَا لَمۡ يَعۡلَمۡ ﴾
(Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not.) There is a narration that states, “Record knowledge by writing.” There is also a saying which states, “Whoever acts according to what he knows, Allah will make him inherit knowledge that he did not know.”
Jibreel (alaihissalaam) came to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) a second time
عَنْ جَابِر بْن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ فَتْرَةِ الْوَحْىِ : فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاءٍ قَاعِدٌ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ، فَجَئِثْتُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ، فَجِئْتُ أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي. فَزَمَّلُونِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَاهْجُرْ} ـ قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ وَالرّجْزَ الأَوْثَانَ ـ ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْىُ وَتَتَابَعَ
Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah (radiallahu anhu) that he heard Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) describing the period of pause of the Divine Inspiration, and in his description he said, “While I was walking I heard a voice from the sky. I looked up towards the sky, and behold! I saw the same Angel who came to me in the Cave of Hira’, sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. I was so terrified by him that I fell down on the ground. Then I went to my family and said, ‘Wrap me in garments! Wrap me in garments!’ They wrapped me, and then Allah revealed:
يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ
قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ
وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ
وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ
O you who covers himself [with a garment],
Arise and warn
And your Lord glorify
And your clothing purify
And uncleanliness avoid
[Surah Al-Muddathir (74) : 1 – 5]
Abu Salamah said Rujz means idols.
“After that, the Divine Inspiration started coming more frequently and regularly.” [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 6, Hadeeth No. 448]
The revelation (or divine inspiration) came to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) in different ways throughout his 23 years of preaching the message of Islam.
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ يَأْتِيكَ الْوَحْىُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم : أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ ـ وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ عَلَىَّ ـ فَيُفْصَمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ عَنْهُ مَا قَالَ، وَأَحْيَانًا يَتَمَثَّلُ لِيَ الْمَلَكُ رَجُلاً فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا يَقُولُ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رضى الله عنها وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْىُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الشَّدِيدِ الْبَرْدِ، فَيَفْصِمُ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّ جَبِينَهُ لَيَتَفَصَّدُ عَرَقًا
Narrated Aishah (radiallahu anha), the Mother of the believers, that Al-Harith bin Hisham (radiallahu anhu) asked Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) “O Allah’s Messenger! How is the Divine Inspiration revealed to you?” Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) replied, “Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says.” ‘Aisha added: Verily I saw him being inspired divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over). [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 1, Hadeeth No. 2]
The different methods of revelation are also mentioned in the Quran.
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ
It is not given to any human being that Allah should speak to him unless (it be) by Inspiration, or from behind a veil, or (that) He sends a Messenger to reveal what He wills by His Leave. Verily, He is Most High, Most Wise. [Surah Ash-Shura (42) : 51]
Imam Ibn Kathir states in his explanation of this ayah (verse):
“This refers to how Allah sends revelation. Sometimes He casts something into the heart of the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), and he has no doubt that it is from Allah, as it was reported in Sahih Ibn Hibban that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said:
« إِنَّ رُوْحَ الْقُدُسِ نَفَثَ فِي رُوعِي أَنَّ نَفْسًا لَنْ تَمُوتَ حَتْى تَسْتَكْمِلَ رِزْقَهَا وَأَجَلَهَا، فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَجْمِلُوا فِي الطَّلَب »
(Ar-Ruh Al-Qudus (i.e., Jibril) breathed into my heart that no soul will die until its allotted provision and time have expired, so have Taqwa of Allah and keep seeking in a good (and lawful) way.)
﴿ أَوۡ مِن وَرَآىِٕ حِجَابٍ ﴾
(or from behind a veil) – as He spoke to Musa, peace be upon him. He asked to see Him after He had spoken to him, but this was not granted to him. In the Sahih, it recorded that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said to Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him:
« مَا كَلَّمَ اللهُ أَحَدًا إِلَّا مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ، وَإِنَّهُ كَلَّمَ أَبَاكَ كِفَاحًا »
(Allah never speaks to anyone except from behind a veil, but He spoke to your father directly.) This is how it was stated in the Hadith. He (Jabir’s father) was killed on the day of Uhud, but this refers to the realm of Al-Barzakh, whereas the Ayah speaks of this earthly realm.
﴿ أَوۡ يُرۡسِلَ رَسُولاً۬ فَيُوحِىَ بِإِذۡنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُۚ ﴾
(or (that) He sends a Messenger to reveal what He wills by His leave.) as Jibril (peace be upon him) and other angels came down to the Prophets, peace be upon them.
﴿ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلِىٌّ حَڪِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(Verily, He is Most High, Most Wise.) He is Most High, All-Knowing, Most Wise.”
The angels came to protect the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) from Abu Jahl
Allah says:
أَرَءَيْتَ ٱلَّذِى يَنْهَىٰ
عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰٓ
أَرَءَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى ٱلْهُدَىٰٓ
أَوْ أَمَرَ بِٱلتَّقْوَىٰٓ
أَرَءَيْتَ إِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰٓ
أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرَىٰ
كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعَۢا بِٱلنَّاصِيَةِ
نَاصِيَةٍ كَٰذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ
فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُۥ
سَنَدْعُ ٱلزَّبَانِيَةَ
Have you seen the one who forbids
A servant when he prays?
Have you seen if he is upon guidance
Or enjoins righteousness?
Have you seen if he denies and turns away –
Does he not know that Allah sees?
No! If he does not desist, We will surely drag him by the forelock –
A lying, sinning forelock.
Then let him call his associates;
We will call the angels of Hell. [Surah Al-Alaq (96) : 9 – 18]
Ibn Kathir states in his explanation of these ayaat (verses):
“Then Allah says,
﴿ أَرَءَيۡتَ ٱلَّذِى يَنۡهَىٰ • عَبۡدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰٓ ﴾
(Have you seen him who prevents. A servant when he prays) This was revealed about Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him. He threatened the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) for performing Salah at the Kabah. Thus, Allah firstly admonished him with that which was better by saying,
﴿ أَرَءَيۡتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى ٱلۡهُدَىٰٓ ﴾
(Have you seen if he is on the guidance.) meaning, `do you think this man whom you are preventing is upon the straight path in his action, or
﴿ أَوۡ أَمَرَ بِٱلتَّقۡوَىٰٓ ﴾
(Or enjoins Taqwa) in his statements Yet, you rebuke him and threaten him due to his prayer.’ Thus, Allah says,
﴿ أَلَمۡ يَعۡلَم بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرَىٰ ﴾
(Knows he not that Allah sees) meaning, doesn’t this person who is preventing this man who is following correct guidance know that Allah sees him and hears his words, and He will compensate him in full for what he has done Then Allah says by way of warning and threatening,
﴿ كَلَّا لَٮِٕن لَّمۡ يَنتَهِ ﴾
(Nay! If he ceases not,) meaning, if he does not recant from his discord and obstinacy,
﴿ لَنَسۡفَعَۢا بِٱلنَّاصِيَةِ ﴾
(We will scorch his forehead.) meaning, `indeed We will make it extremely black on the Day of Judgment.’ Then He says,
﴿ نَاصِيَةٍ۬ كَـٰذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ۬ ﴾
(A lying, sinful forehead!) meaning, the forehead of Abu Jahl is lying in its statements and sinful in its actions.
﴿ فَلۡيَدۡعُ نَادِيَهُ ۥ ﴾
(Then let him call upon his council.) meaning, his people and his tribe. In other words, let him call them in order to seek help from them.
﴿ سَنَدۡعُ ٱلزَّبَانِيَةَ ﴾
(We will call out the guards of Hell!) `And they are the angels of torment. This is so that he may know who will win — Our group or his group’. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said, “Abu Jahl said, `If I see Muhammad praying at the Kabah, I will stomp on his neck.’ So this reached the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), who said,
« لَئِنْ فَعَلَ لَأَخَذَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَة »
(If he does, he will be seized by the angels.)” This Hadith was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasai in their Books of Tafsir. Likewise, it has been recorded by Ibn Jarir. Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasai and Ibn Jarir, all recorded it from Ibn Abbas with the following wording: “The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was praying at the Maqam (prayer station of Ibrahim) when Abu Jahl bin Hisham passed by him and said, `O Muhammad! Haven’t I prevented you from this?’ He threatened the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and thus, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) became angry with him and reprimanded him. Then he said, `O Muhammad! What can you threaten me with By Allah, I have the most kinsmen of this valley with me in the large.’ Then Allah revealed,
﴿ فَلۡيَدۡعُ نَادِيَهُ ۥ • سَنَدۡعُ ٱلزَّبَانِيَةَ ﴾
(Then let him call upon his council. We will call out the guards of Hell!)” Ibn Abbas then said, “If he had called his people, the angels of torment would have seized him at that very instant.” At-Tirmidhi said, “Hasan Sahih.” Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu Hurayrah that Abu Jahl said, “Does Muhammad cover his face with dust (i.e., from prostration) while he is among you all?” They (the people) replied, “Yes.” Then he said, “By Al-Lat and Al-Uzza, if I see him praying like this, I will stomp on his neck, and I will certainly put his face in the dust.” So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) came and he began praying, which made it possible for Abu Jahl to stomp on his neck. Then the people became surprised at him (Abu Jahl) because he began retreating on his heels and covering himself with his hands. Then it was said to him, “What’s the matter with you” He replied, “Verily, between me and him is a ditch of fire, monsters and wings.” Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said,
« لَوْ دَنَا مِنِّي لَاخْتَطَفَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عُضْوًا عُضْوًا »
(If he had come near me, the angels would have snatched him limb by limb.) The narrator added; “Allah revealed an Ayah, but I do not know whether it is concerning the Hadith of Abu Hurayrah or not:
﴿ كَلَّآ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ لَيَطۡغَىٰٓ ﴾
(Nay! Verily, man does transgress.), to the end of the Surah.” Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Muslim, An-Nasai and Ibn Abi Hatim all recorded this Hadith.
Abu Jahl was so foolish that he thought a group of his people could take on the angels guarding Hell.
Allah says:
عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً ۙ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِيمَانًا ۙ وَلَا يَرْتَابَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۙ وَلِيَقُولَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَمَا هِيَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ
Over it are nineteen [angels].
And We have not made the keepers of the Fire except angels. And We have not made their number except as a trial for those who disbelieve – that those who were given the Scripture will be convinced and those who have believed will increase in faith and those who were given the Scripture and the believers will not doubt and that those in whose hearts is hypocrisy and the disbelievers will say, “What does Allah intend by this as an example?” Thus does Allah leave astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none knows the soldiers of your Lord except Him. And mention of the Fire is not but a reminder to humanity. [Surah Al-Muddathir [74: 30 – 31]
Ibn Kathir states in his explanation of the above two ayaat (verses):
”
عَلَيۡہَا تِسۡعَةَ عَشَرَ
(Over it are nineteen.) meaning, the first of the guardians of Hell. They are magnificent in (their appearance) and harsh in their character.
Allah says,
﴿ وَمَا جَعَلۡنَآ أَصۡحَـٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ ﴾
(And We have set none as (Ashab) guardians of the Fire) meaning, its guardians.
﴿ إِلَّا مَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةً۬ۙ ﴾
(but angels.) Guardian angels, stern and severe. This is a refutation of the idolators of the Quraysh when they mentioned the number of guardian angels. Abu Jahl said, “O people of Quraysh! Are not every ten among you able to defeat one of them” So Allah said,
﴿ وَمَا جَعَلۡنَآ أَصۡحَـٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةً۬ۙ ﴾
(And We have set none but angels as guardians of the Fire.) meaning, extremely strong in their creation. They cannot be stood against nor defeated. It has been said that Abu Al-Ashaddayn, and his name was Kaladah bin Usayd bin Khalaf, said, “O people of Quraysh! You defend me against two of them and I will defend you against seventeen of them.” He said this thinking himself to be very great. For they claimed that he achieved such strength that he would stand on a skin of cow hide and ten people would try to pull it out from under his feet, but the skin would be torn to pieces and still not be removed from under him. Concerning Allah’s statement,
﴿ وَمَا جَعَلۡنَا عِدَّتَہُمۡ إِلَّا فِتۡنَةً۬ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ﴾
(And We have fixed their number only as a trial for the disbelievers,) meaning, `We only have mentioned their number as being nineteen as a test from Us for mankind.’
﴿ لِيَسۡتَيۡقِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ ﴾
(In order that the People of the Scripture may arrive at a certainty) meaning, so that they may know that this Messenger is true. For he speaks according to the same thing that they have with them of heavenly revealed Scriptures that came to the Prophets before him. Concerning Allah’s statement,
﴿ وَيَزۡدَادَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِيمَـٰنً۬اۙ ﴾
(and that the believers may increase in faith.) meaning, to their faith. This is due to what they witness from the truthfulness of the information of their Prophet, Muhammad .
﴿ وَلَا يَرۡتَابَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَۙ وَلِيَقُولَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِہِم مَّرَضٌ۬ ﴾
(and that no doubt may be left for the People of the Scripture and the believers, and that those in whose hearts is a disease) meaning, among the hypocrites.
﴿ وَٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ مَاذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِہَـٰذَا مَثَلاً۬ۚ ﴾
(and the disbelievers may say: “What does Allah intend by this example”) meaning, they say, “What is the wisdom in mentioning this here” Allah says,
﴿ كَذَٲلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَہۡدِى مَن يَشَآءُۚ ﴾
(Thus Allah leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills.) meaning, by way of examples like this, faith becomes firm in the hearts of some people and it is shaken with others. This has a profound wisdom and it is an irrefutable proof. None knows the Soldiers of Allah except Him Allah says,
﴿ وَمَا يَعۡلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَۚ ﴾
(And none can know the hosts of your Lord but He.) meaning, none knows their number and their count except Allah. This is so that one does not make the mistake of thinking that they are only nineteen in all. It has been confirmed in the Hadith concerning Al-Isra that is reported in the Two Sahihs and other collections, that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said in describing the Frequented House (Al-Bayt Al-Mamur), which is in the seventh heaven,
« فَإِذَا هُوَ يَدْخُلُهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ آخِرَ مَا عَلَيْهِم »
(Seventy thousand angels enter into it every day and they do not return to it as it is all that is due upon them (one visit in their lifetime).) Concerning Allah’s statement,
﴿ وَمَا هِىَ إِلَّا ذِكۡرَىٰ لِلۡبَشَرِ ﴾
(And this is nothing but a reminder to mankind.) Mujahid and others said,
﴿ وَمَا هِىَ ﴾
(And this is not.) “This means the Hellfire which has been described.”
﴿ إِلَّا ذِكۡرَىٰ لِلۡبَشَرِ ﴾
(but a reminder to mankind. ) “
Jibreel (alaihissalaam) came to give the glad tidings of Paradise to Khadijah (radiallahu anha)
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ أَتَى جِبْرِيلُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ خَدِيجَةُ قَدْ أَتَتْ مَعَهَا إِنَاءٌ فِيهِ إِدَامٌ أَوْ طَعَامٌ أَوْ شَرَابٌ، فَإِذَا هِيَ أَتَتْكَ فَاقْرَأْ عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمَ مِنْ رَبِّهَا وَمِنِّي، وَبَشِّرْهَا بِبَيْتٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ قَصَبٍ، لاَ صَخَبَ فِيهِ وَلاَ نَصَبَ
Narrated Abu Hurairah (radiallahu anhu): Jibreel (alaihissalaam) came to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and said, “O Allah’s Messenger! This is Khadijah coming to you with a dish having meat soup (or some food or drink). When she reaches you, greet her on behalf of her Lord (i.e. Allah) and on my behalf, and give her the glad tidings of having a palace with jewels in Paradise wherein there will be neither any noise nor any fatigue (trouble). “ [Surah Al-Bukhari, Volume 5, Hadeeth No. 168]
Even after Khadijah (radiallahu anha) passed away (about 10 years after the first revelation), the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) did not cease to remember her.
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ مَا غِرْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَمَا غِرْتُ عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ، لِكَثْرَةِ ذِكْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِيَّاهَا وَثَنَائِهِ عَلَيْهَا، وَقَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يُبَشِّرَهَا بِبَيْتٍ لَهَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ قَصَبٍ
Narrated Aishah (radiallahu anha): I never felt so jealous of any wife of Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) as I did of Khadija because Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) used to remember and praise her too often and because it was revealed to Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) that he should give her (Khadijah) the glad tidings of her having a palace of jewels in Paradise. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 7, Hadeeth No. 156]
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ مَا غِرْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مَا غِرْتُ عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ وَلَقَدْ هَلَكَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَنِي بِثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ لِمَا كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُهُ يَذْكُرُهَا وَلَقَدْ أَمَرَهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يُبَشِّرَهَا بِبَيْتٍ مِنْ قَصَبٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَيَذْبَحُ الشَّاةَ ثُمَّ يُهْدِيهَا إِلَى خَلاَئِلِهَا
Aishah (radiallahu anha) reported: Never did I feel jealous of any woman as I was jealous of Khadijah. She had died three years before he (the Prophet) married me. I often heard him praise her, and his lord, the Exalted and Glorious, had commanded him to give her the glad tidings of a palace of jewels in Paradise: and whenever he slaughtered a sheep he presented (its meat) to her female companions. [Sahih Muslim, Hadeeth No. 5971]
This hadeeth mentions the marriage of Aishah (radiallahu anha). Interestingly enough, this event also indirectly involved the angels. They came in the Prophet’s (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) dream.
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم : أُرِيتُكِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَكِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، رَأَيْتُ الْمَلَكَ يَحْمِلُكِ فِي سَرَقَةٍ مِنْ حَرِيرٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ اكْشِفْ. فَكَشَفَ فَإِذَا هِيَ أَنْتِ، فَقُلْتُ إِنْ يَكُنْ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ يُمْضِهِ. ثُمَّ أُرِيتُكِ يَحْمِلُكِ فِي سَرَقَةٍ مِنْ حَرِيرٍ فَقُلْتُ اكْشِفْ. فَكَشَفَ فَإِذَا هِيَ أَنْتِ فَقُلْتُ إِنْ يَكُ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ يُمْضِهِ
Narrated Aishah (radiallahu anha): Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said to me, “You were shown to me twice (in my dream) before I married you. I saw an angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said to him, ‘Uncover (her),’ and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), ‘If this is from Allah, then it must happen.’ Then you were shown to me, the angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said (to him), ‘Uncover (her), and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), ‘If this is from Allah, then it must happen.’ “ [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 9, Hadeeth No. 140]
To be continued…